C++ - Asio no response afer sending a basic http request?

    std::vector<char> vBuffer(bytes);

Your vector is empty because bytes is a TOCTOU race. You printed bytes, and it is likely 0. At least, for me it is:

Success
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Connection: close

0

Instead, accept a dynamic read until "\r\n\r\n":

std::vector<char> vBuffer;
read_until(socket, asio::dynamic_buffer(vBuffer), "\r\n\r\n", ec);

Actually, you need to do the same on the write, because write_some may write only part of the message. Also, don't manually specify the buffer and size, reducing room for errors.

E.g. Live On Coliru

#include <iostream>
#include <span>

#if 0
    #include <asio.hpp>
    #define ASIO_STANDALONE
    using asio::error_code;
#else
    #include <boost/asio.hpp>
    namespace asio = boost::asio;
    using boost::system::error_code;
#endif

int main() {
    using asio::ip::tcp;
    error_code       ec;
    asio::io_context context;
    tcp::socket      socket(context);
    socket.connect({asio::ip::make_address("93.184.216.34", ec), 80}, ec);

    std::cout << ec.message() << '\n';

    if (socket.is_open()) {
        std::string sRequest = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
        write(socket, asio::buffer(sRequest), ec);

        std::vector<char> vBuffer;
        auto n = read_until(socket, asio::dynamic_buffer(vBuffer), "\r\n\r\n", ec);

        auto headers = std::span(vBuffer).subspan(0, n);
        for (auto c : headers) {
            std::cout << c;
        }
    }
}

Showing

Out of the box

Of course, now you woud need to parse the headers, get the content-length, read the body (taking into account the part of the body that was already received in vBuffer).

That's only scratching the surface because the response may use chunked encoding.

You have to implement all that.

OR you could use a library like Beast to do it for you instead of reinventing the wheel (likely with security vulnerabilities).

Live On Coliru

#include <boost/beast.hpp>
#include <iostream>
namespace asio = boost::asio;
namespace http = boost::beast::http;
using asio::ip::tcp;
using boost::system::system_error;

int main() try {
    asio::io_context context;
    tcp::socket      socket(context);
    socket.connect({asio::ip::make_address("93.184.216.34"), 80});

    http::request<http::empty_body> req(http::verb::get, "/", 11);
    req.set(http::field::host, "example.com");
    req.set(http::field::connection, "close");
    req.prepare_payload(); // not required, there's no body, but for instructional value

    write(socket, req);

    http::response<http::string_body> res;
    boost::beast::flat_buffer buf;
    read(socket, buf, res);

    std::cout << res.base() << std::endl; // headers
    if (res.chunked())
        std::cout << "Response used chunked encoding" << std::endl;
    std::string body = std::move(res.body());
    std::cout << "The body size is " << body.length() << std::endl;
    // std::cout << body << std::endl;
} catch (system_error const& se) {
    std::cerr << "Error: " << se.code().message() << '\n';
}

Printing e.g.